Coalescence stability of water-in-oil drops: Effects of drop size and surfactant concentration

Authors
N. I. Politova, S. Tcholakova, S. Tsibranska, N. D. Denkov, K. Muelheims
Journal
Colloids Surf. A
Year
2017
Volume
531
Pages
32 - 39
N. I. Politova, S. Tcholakova, S. Tsibranska, N. D. Denkov, K. Muelheims
Colloids Surf. A 2017
531
32 - 39
Abstract

We study the effects of (1) drop size; (2) surfactant chain-length and concentration; and (3) viscosity of the oil phase on the stability of water drops, pressed by gravity towards planar oil-water interface. The experimental results show that at low surfactant concentrations (around and below the CMC) the drop lifetime is controlled by the drainage time of the oily film, viz. by the time for reaching the critical film thickness at which this film ruptures. The small drops coalesce before the formation of a planar film with the large interface and, as a consequence, their lifetime rapidly decreases with the increase of drop diameter. In contrast, the bigger drops coalesce after formation of a plane-parallel film and their lifetime increases with the drop diameter. Therefore, the drop lifetime passes through a minimum when varying the drop diameter. The obtained results at low surfactant concentrations and for small drops are described well by theoretical models, available in the literature. The lifetime of the respective larger drops is shorter, as compared to the theoretical predictions, due to the faster thinning of the oil films which are with uneven thickness. The increase of surfactant concentration above the CMC leads to a significant increase in the stability of the small drops. Interestingly, the stability of the intermediate in size drops remains low for all surfactants and oils studied. At higher surfactant concentrations, the stability of the large water drops increases significantly when Span 80 is used, while it remains rather low for drops stabilized by Span 20. The results obtained with single water drops are in a good agreement with the stability of the respective batch water-in-oil emulsions.